# Zama

> Zama: FHE coprocessor.

Part of the Soda Labs Privacy Hub, a neutral directory of the on-chain privacy
landscape: https://www.sodalabs.xyz/privacy-hub

## Key facts

- Entry type: Privacy project
- Category: FHE coprocessor
- Technology: Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE)
- Website: https://www.zama.org
- Tags: FHE, coprocessor, confidential tokens
- Canonical page: https://www.sodalabs.xyz/privacy-hub/zama

## Overview

Zama did what most of the field assumed was still years out: it brought fully homomorphic encryption to Ethereum at the end of 2025, with confidential tokens whose balances and transfers are computed on while they stay encrypted. Its open-source library, TFHE-rs, is the foundation a large part of the FHE ecosystem now builds on, Zama's own products included. The guarantee is genuinely strong, strong enough that a May 2026 court order to freeze 12.6 million dollars in its confidential USDC wrapper took three days to resolve, because a design that cannot see individual balances cannot freeze one either. Published throughput sits in the low tens of transactions per second, decryption runs through a threshold committee, and academic key-recovery work on the TFHE library led to a parameter change earlier on.

## About Fully homomorphic encryption

Computation is performed directly on ciphertext, so results decrypt correctly without the data ever being decrypted during the computation. Compared side by side with the other approaches at https://www.sodalabs.xyz/taxonomy.

## Sources

- [Litepaper](https://docs.zama.org/protocol/zama-protocol-litepaper)
- [TFHE-rs, the open-source library](https://github.com/zama-ai/tfhe-rs)
- [fhEVM](https://github.com/zama-ai/fhevm)
- [The 2026 freeze, reported](https://www.theblock.co/post/403091/court-ordered-circle-freeze-traps-12-6-million-in-zama-cusdc-contract-amid-overnight-finance-suit)
- [Key-recovery paper](https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/127)

## Related entries

- [Fhenix](https://www.sodalabs.xyz/privacy-hub/fhenix): FHE coprocessor
- [Inco](https://www.sodalabs.xyz/privacy-hub/inco): Confidential token framework
- [Aptos](https://www.sodalabs.xyz/privacy-hub/chain-aptos): Native confidential assets
- [ERC-7984](https://www.sodalabs.xyz/privacy-hub/int-erc7984): Standards
- [Private ERC-20](https://www.sodalabs.xyz/privacy-hub/int-private-erc20): Standards
- [Solana](https://www.sodalabs.xyz/privacy-hub/chain-solana): Native confidential tokens